|
5.7 Recreation and tourism
5.7.1 Thanet covers an area of 40 square miles, with 26 miles of
coastline made up of a series of sandy beaches, backed by chalk cliffs. The area
has three main resorts; Margate, Broadstairs and Ramsgate. They are all
traditional seaside resorts, but differ in character (Table 56)
Table 94: Thanet as a tourist
destination
|
Location |
Character |
|
Margate |
-Large sandy beaches
-Traditional British seafront
-Main promenade with amusements
-Surrounding bays with sandy beaches and clifftop promenades |
|
Broadstairs |
-Compact picturesque resort
-Quiet sandy beach
-Scenic harbour area
-Award winning floral displays
-Dickens connection |
|
Ramsgate |
-Regency town
-Artistic and literary connections
-Access point to Europe |
SEETB (1998)
5.7.2 The top three activities are walking along the promenade,
shopping and spending time on the beach. Walks in the countryside and museums
are much less popular for day visitors. Day visitors and staying visitors are
generally reasonably aware of attractions across Thanet, with 60-70% of all
visitors have good awareness of the larger attractions. 50% of staying visitors
and 45% of day visitors are aware of the Spitfire Museum at Manston (Chysalis,
1997).
5.7.3 On the basis of findings from the Thanet Tourism Study
(Chrysalis, 1998), it is expected that a proportion of passengers using LMA will
stay overnight in the area either before their flight or on their return. This
is expected to have a range of direct and indirect benefits to the tourism and
recreation in Thanet.
5.7.4 LMA will not affect the existing and amenity value of the
Thanet Bridleway Network. In fact the restrictions placed on the road west of
Manston village to Manston Court Road are likely to add to the value of this
amenity.
5.8 Communities and
the Economy
5.8.1 Aviation is a substantial industry in the UK contributing
£10.2 billion to Gross Domestic Product
(1.4% of the total) and directly employing 180,000 people in the UK (0.8% of the
total). The industry is supported by up to three times as many additional jobs
through supply chain, induced effects and jobs depending on inbound and outbound
travellers (OEF, 1999).
5.8.2 The OEF (1999) study identified the structure of direct UK
Employment at airports as illustrated by Table 95. Around 60% of employees work
directly for airlines or handling agents (e.g. as flight crew, check-in staff,
maintenance crews etc). Another 10% work in concessions (retail outlets,
restaurants), with 4% in freight /cargo businesses and 6% in control agencies
(including HM Customs and Excise, immigration). The remainder work in a variety
of organisations, including on-site ancillary activities such as hotels.
Table 95: Structure of Direct UK
Employment at Airports
|
Category |
% Breakdown |
Total Employment |
|
Airport operator |
11 |
19,215 |
|
Airlines/Handling agents |
60 |
104,808 |
|
Freight/Cargo |
4 |
6,987 |
|
Concessions |
9 |
15,721 |
|
Control Agencies |
6 |
10,481 |
|
Other |
10 |
17,468 |
|
Total |
|
174,680 |
OEF (1999)
5.8.3 OEF estimates that airport operators constitute only 11%
of the total numbers of people employed in UK airports. This assessment only
examines the direct and consequential impacts of employment generated by LMA and
not other aircraft handling agents, airlines and other ancillary employers
directly related to the airport (Table 95). This means that these figures are
likely to be a significant underestimate.
5.8.4 In addition, jobs will be generated in other industries
that support airports. Examples include jobs in energy sector (through fuel
procurement), aerospace sector (through the supply of aircraft equipment),
employment in the IT sector providing computer systems, construction workers
building additional facilities and workers required to manufacture goods sold in
airport retail outlets.
5.8.5 Predicted staff numbers to be employed at LMA are
presented in Table 96. Estimates of total salaries provided by these jobs is
provided in Table 97.
Table 96: Current and predicted
numbers of staff employed at LMA
|
Grade |
2002 |
2005 |
2010 |
2015 |
2020 |
|
Director |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
|
Manager |
7 |
7 |
7 |
10 |
15 |
|
Supervisor |
15 |
64 |
160 |
199 |
625 |
|
Administrator |
25 |
71 |
177 |
221 |
695 |
|
Operations |
12 |
12 |
12 |
18 |
24 |
|
Firefighter |
36 |
64 |
64 |
72 |
84 |
|
ATC |
24 |
30 |
30 |
36 |
44 |
|
ATE |
16 |
16 |
16 |
16 |
16 |
|
Operator |
146 |
638 |
1597 |
1993 |
6252 |
|
Security |
24 |
152 |
380 |
474 |
1489 |
|
Customer |
34 |
238 |
596 |
743 |
2332 |
Wiggins (2001)
Table 97: Salaries and additional
salary payments (including direct taxation and National insurance contributions)
|
Grade |
2002 |
2005 |
2010 |
2015 |
2020 |
|
Total salaries |
6,630,110 |
21,937,606 |
49,733,744 |
61,852,156 |
186,167,885 |
|
Additional costs |
2,718,345 |
8,994,418 |
20,390,835 |
25,359,384 |
76,328,833 |
|
Total employment cost |
9,348,455 |
30,932,024 |
70,124,580 |
87,211,539 |
262,496,719 |
Wiggins (2001)
5.8.6 A range of multipliers have been selected to estimate the
impact of the airport on the local economy both in Thanet and in the surrounding
area (Table 98 and Table 99).
Table 98: Multipliers selected for
indirect and induced jobs
|
Multiplier |
Number |
Source |
|
Indirect jobs |
1.11 |
OEF, 1999 |
|
Induced jobs |
0.25 |
OEF, 1999 |
Table 99: Multipliers selected for
calculations of income injection
|
Multiplier |
Low |
High |
|
Locals |
1.25 |
1.53 |
|
Commuters |
1.02 |
1.06 |
|
Induced investment |
1.05 |
1.10 |
ADL previous UK socio-economic impact studies
5.8.7 This assessment identifies a range of consequential
indirect and induced jobs from the growth of
LMA (Table 100). These figures suggest that the growth of LMA is expected to
have a significant impact on employment in Thanet and the local area. It is
expected that by 2010, the airport itself will employ over 2,500 staff and that
by 2020 this figure could be as many as 10,000. This will lead to greater
economic growth in Thanet and it has been estimated could lead to a further
6,500 indirect and induced jobs in 2010 and more than 24,000 jobs in 2020. In
addition, these benefits will lead to income injections both within Thanet and
the local area (Table 101).
Table 100: Indirect and induced jobs
from growth of LMA
|
|
2002 |
2005 |
2010 |
2015 |
2020 |
|
Indirect jobs – location non specific |
377 |
1434 |
3374 |
4200 |
12850 |
|
Induced jobs in Thanet |
50 |
190 |
447 |
556 |
1702 |
|
Induced jobs in Shepway |
15 |
57 |
134 |
167 |
511 |
|
Induced jobs in Dover |
15 |
57 |
134 |
167 |
511 |
|
Induced jobs in Canterbury |
5 |
19 |
45 |
56 |
170 |
|
Total induced jobs from indirect jobs |
94 |
358 |
844 |
1050 |
3212 |
|
Total induced jobs non specific |
179 |
681 |
1604 |
1996 |
6107 |
ADL
Table 101: Income injection from
spend by local and commuting staff over growth of LMA
|
|
2002 |
2005 |
2010 |
2015 |
2020 |
|
|
|
|
Low multiplier |
|
|
|
Income injection by local staff |
£4,875,081 |
£16,130,592 |
£36,568,930 |
£45,479,526 |
£136,888,151 |
|
Income injection from commuters |
£2,784,646 |
£9,213,794 |
£20,888,173 |
£25,977,905 |
£78,190,512 |
|
Induced investment from spend |
£6,961,616 |
£23,034,486 |
£52,220,432 |
£64,944,763 |
£195,476,280 |
|
|
|
|
High multiplier |
|
|
|
Income injection by local staff |
£5,967,099 |
£19,743,845 |
£44,760,370 |
£55,666,940 |
£167,551,097 |
|
Income injection from commuters |
£2,893,848 |
£9,575,120 |
£21,707,317 |
£26,996,647 |
£81,256,806 |
|
Induced investment from spend |
£7,293,121 |
£24,131,366 |
£54,707,119 |
£68,037,371 |
£204,784,674 |
(ADL) Local staff refers to staff living in
Thanet. Commuter staff are those travelling from Dover, Canterbury and Shepway.
References
-
AOA (2001) Environmental Guidance Manual for Airports
-
Chysalis Marketing Research (1997) The Thanet Tourism Study
-
Department for the Environment Transport and Regions (1999)
The Government's
-
Response to the Environment, Transport and Regional Affairs
Committee's Report: Regional Air Services, Para 111.
-
Department of Transport, White Paper: Airports Policy (1985)
-
EA (1998) Policy and Practice for the Protection of Ground
Water, Environment Agency
-
English Nature (2001) The North East Kent European Marine
Sites Management Scheme
-
FAA (1997) Air Quality Procedures for Civilian Airports and
Air Force Bases
-
Gibb Environmental (1999) Land Quality Assessments, Phase I
and II
-
KBAP (1997) The Kent Biodiversity Action Plan, Kent
Biodiversity Action Plan Steering Group
-
KCC (2000) Local Transport Plan for Kent 2001/02 to 2005/6
-
KCC (2000) The Kent Red Data Book: A Provisonal Guide to the
Rare
-
KCC (2000) Small Area (Ward) Population Estimates, 1999.
SAE1/00 – October 2000.
-
KCC (1994) The Kent Wildlife Habitat Survey: Thanet District
Report and Target Notes
-
KCC (1999) Regional Economic Strategy – Kent County
Council Action Plan
-
KCC (1998) North East Kent: Landscape assessment and
guidelines
-
Manchester Airport (1993) Manchester Airport Runway 2:
Environmental Statement
-
OEF (1999) The Contribution of the Aviation Industry to the
UK Economy, Final Report, Oxford Economic Forecasting.
-
TDC (1998) Isle of Thanet Local Plan
-
Scott Wilson Kirkpatrick Co. Ltd (2000) London Manston
Airport: Outline Master Planning Final Report
-
SEETB (1998) Thanet: A Tourism strategy
-
Sustainable Development, A Better Quality of Life: A
Strategy for Sustainable Development in the UK (May 1999)
-
TDC (1998) Supplementary Planning Guidance: Central Island
Initiative, Thanet District Council
Further references
-
Alan Griffith (1994), Environmental Management in
Construction. McMillan
-
BAA Stansted (2000). Stansted Airport beyond 15 mppa.
Consultation report.
-
BAA, Annual Report 1999/2000
-
Cobham Resource Consultants and Consultants in Environmental
Sciences Ltd.
-
Manchester Airport, Runway 2. Environmental Statement
-
Croner’s (2001). Substances Hazardous to the Environment.
Croners Publishers Limited
-
Croner’s (2001). Sustances Hazardous to Health. Emergency
Spillage Guide. Croner Publications Ltd.
-
Department of the Environment, Welsh Office (1994). Planning
Policy Guidance, Planning and Noise.
-
Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions
(2001). The Countryside – Environmental Quality and Economic and Social
Development.
-
Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions
(1999). Environmental Impact Assessment. DETR Circular
-
Department of the Environment (1990). Planning Policy
Guidance: Archaeology and Planning. PPG16,
-
Department of the Environment, Transport Regions (1998). A
new deal for transport: better for everyone
-
Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions:
(1999). Preparing your organisation for transport in the future. The
Benefits of green transport plans
-
Department of the Environment, Transport Regions (2000). The
Future of Aviation
-
Department of the Environment (1998). Assessment of
Groundwater Quality in England and Wales. Her Majesty’s Stationery Office
-
Department of Transport (1993), Runway Capacity to Serve the
South East. Draper, Webb (1997). Air Quality Procedures for Civilian
airports and Air Force Bases
-
Environment Agency.(2001). A Better Quality of Life in the
South East. The Regional Sustainable Development Framework. South East
England Regional Assembly
-
Environment Agency (1999), Policy and Practice for The
Protection of Groundwater.
-
The Stationary Office E J Boast and Dr D R J Perkins. (2001)
London Mnaston Airport, Manston.
-
Archaeological evaluations and Investigations of Passenger
and Cargo side Taxiways and aprons. Trust for Thanet Archaeology.
-
Environment Agency (2000). Local environment agency plan.
Kentish Stour
-
Environment Agency (1999). Local environment agency plan.
North Kent
-
Environment Agency (1998). Local environment agency plan
Kent Area. Environmental overview
-
Environment Agency (1999). Local environment agency plan.
Kent area
-
Environment agency (1999). Local environment agency plan.
North Kent Leap, Environmental overview
-
Environment Agency (1996). Water Pollution Incidents in
England and Wales.
-
Gibb Environmental (1996). RAF Manston, Airfield Side. Land
Quality Assessment Phase One: Desk Study. Ministry of Defence
-
Government Office for the South East, Government Office for
East of England,
-
Government Office for London (2001). Regional Planning
Guidance for the South East.RPG9,
-
John Glasson, Riki Therivel, Andrew Chadwick. Introduction
to Environmental Impact
-
Assessment. The Natural and Built Environment Series 1. UCL
-
Kent County Council (2000), East Kent Strategic Area
Framework. SRB6 Bid
-
Kent County Council (2000). Opportunities for Kent, The
Vision
-
Kent Economic Forum (1999). Kent Economic Report, Informing
Kent’s Future
-
Kent County Council (1999). Regional economic Strategy, Kent
County Council Action Plan
-
Kent County Council, Local Transport Plan Summary 2001/2 –
2005/6
-
Kent County Council, Kent Property Market 2000
-
Kent County Council (1996). Kent Structure Plan. Adopted
Plan and Explanatory Memorandum
-
Kent Association of Local Authorities (2000). The Kent Air
Quality Monitoring
-
Network Annual Report 1999. Kent Air Quality Partnership
-
Kent County Council (1995). Air Quality Management System
for Kent. Kent County Council
-
Kent Tourism (2001). Kent Tourism Facts 2000. Kent Tourism
Economic Development Unit.
-
Kent County Council (1996). Kent Coastal Habitat Report
-
Kent County Council (1998). North East Kent. Landscape
assessment and guidelines
-
Kent County Council (1997). Kent Biodiversity Action Plan. A
framework for the future of Kent’s wildlife.
-
Kent County Council (2000). Environmental Capital of the
Chalk Coast of Kent. Chalk Coast Communities Project Steering Group
-
Kent County Council (1994). Thanet District Report and
Target Note. The Kent Wildlife Habitate Survey
-
Kent County Council (2000). The Kent red data book
-
London Luton Airport Operations Limited (2000). Annual
Report and Financial Statements
-
National Rivers Authority (1992) Policy and Practice for the
Protection of Groundwater.
-
NRA National Rivers Authority (1992). Policy and Practice
for the Protection of Groundwater Regional Appendix Southern Region. NRA
-
Oxford Economic Forecasting (1999). The Contribution of the
Aviation Industry to the UK Economy
-
Peter Morris, Riki Therivel. Methods of Environmental Impact
Assessment. The Natural and Built Environment Series 2. UCL
-
Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution. Freshwater
Quality. Her Majesty’s Stationery Office
-
SEETB (1998). Thanet, A Tourism Strategy, Draft.
-
SEETB. The Thanet Tourism Study. Chrysalis Marketing
Research
-
Thanet District Council (2000). The Future of Air Quality in
Thanet. Thanet District
-
Council Environmental Protection Team
-
Thanet District Council (2001/2002). Economic Development
Strategy
-
Thanet Distrct Council. Contaminated Land Strategy Version
4.1
-
WMO and UNEP (1999). IPCC Special Report. Aviation and the
Global Atmosphere.
-
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
-
WMO and UNEP (1999). Aviation and the Global Atmosphere.
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
|